Sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine after oral transmucosal or intramuscular administration in cats

ObjectiveTo compare sedation and antinociception after oral transmucosal (OTM) and intramuscular (IM) administration of a dexmedetomidine-buprenorphine combination in healthy adult cats.Study designRandomized, ‘blinded’ crossover study, with 1 month washout between treatments.AnimalsSix healthy neutered female cats, weighing 5.3–7.5 kg.MethodsA combination of dexmedetomidine (40 μg kg^?1) and buprenorphine (20 μg kg^?1) was administered by either the OTM (buccal cavity) or IM (quadriceps muscle) route. Sedation was measured using a numerical rating scale, at baseline and at various time points until 6 hours after treatment. At the same time points, analgesia was scored using a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale, based on the response to an ear pinch, and by the cat’s response to a mechanical stimulus exerted by a pressure rate onset device. Physiological and adverse effects were recorded, and oral pH measured. Signed rank tests were performed, with significance set at p < 0.05. Data are presented as median and range.ResultsThere were no differences in sedation or antinociception scores between OTM and IM dosing at any of the time points. Nociceptive thresholds increased after both treatments but without significant difference between groups. Buccal pH remained between 8 and 8.5. Salivation was noted after OTM administration (n = 2) and vomiting after both OTM (n = 4), and IM (n = 3) dosing.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn healthy adult cats, OTM administration of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine resulted in comparable levels of sedation and antinociception to IM dosing. The OTM administration may offer an alternative route to administer this sedative-analgesic combination in cats.     

Treating experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua L., with florfenicol

This study was performed to determine the efficacy of orally administered florfenicol in the treatment of experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua. The L. anguillarum strain HI-610 was used. This strain has a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 mg L(-1) against florfenicol. Fifteen groups of 40 fish each were challenged by bath with 1.7 x 10(5) CFU mL(-1) for 1 h. Three days following challenge, medication with florfenicol was introduced in 12 of the groups. The dosages used were 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 10 consecutive days in marine or salmonid pellets, 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for five consecutive days in marine pellets or administered at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 following initiation of treatment. Among challenged unmedicated fish mortality started at day 3 post-challenge reaching a final cumulative mortality of 77% at day 15. The experiment was terminated at day 26. In the medicated groups, the majority of deaths occurred from days 3-7 post-challenge reaching final cumulative mortalities of 31% and 52%, respectively, for the fish given marine and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. The fish treated with medicated marine pellets for five consecutive days and at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 (sequential feeding) following initiation of treatment had cumulative mortalities of 52% and 38%, respectively. Survival of medicated fish in all groups was significantly (P < 0.005) greater than survival of challenged unmedicated fish. Furthermore, a significant difference (P < 0.001) in survival was found between fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine pellets and the groups using marine pellets for five consecutive days and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. Twenty four hours following last medication, six fish had mean plasma concentrations of 3.3 +/- 1.7 and 3.5 +/- 2.8 microg mL(-1), respectively, in fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine and salmonid pellets. Corresponding values for fish treated for five consecutive days and by sequential feeding were 2.2 +/- 2.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.7 microg mL(-1), respectively.     

系统功能视域下大学英语口语教学研究

随着国际间的频繁交往以及中国政治经济地位的不断提升,对具备英语口语表达能力的人才也提出了更高的要求,大学毕业生应能和外国人进行英语交流、用英语完成求职面试、出国旅游等.因此,提高大学生英语口语水平尤为重要,教育者应尝试新的教学模式,用一种新的理论来指导大学英语口语教学,本文从系统功能语法这个纯理论角度探讨了如何以一种新的模式来提高口语能力.     

大连市智慧水务平台建设总体构思

在以推动实现水务现代化为目标的前提下,围绕大连市水务现代化建设,结合智慧城市的建设背景,按照“智慧水务”的总体结构和实现路径,通过“统一的业务框架、统一的技术标准、统一的技术架构、统一的部署环境”的部署,开启大连市智慧水务模式,科学谋划信息化对水务业务的支撑发展,为实现水务信息化推动现代化的征程保驾护航。     

Real Estate Administration by Internet

The government plays an important role in modern economic life. The administration by Internet is ranked first among the IT highway's five application areas. The author of this paper introduced the status of China's real estate administration by Internet, analyzed the problems existed and constructed a framework of real estate administration by Internet, which will facilitate China's real estate administration and modernization.     

Developing the Regulatory Detailed Planning and Drawing up for Promoting the Urban Development--Some Ideas on Urban Construction of Middle and Small Cities in Underdevelopment Districts

This paper is directed against the traditional two-phase planning and drawing-up system widespread in the towns and cities of underdeveloped districts and suggests that the regulatory detailed planning and drawing up should be developed. During the planning and drawing up, the characteristic of town and city of underdeveloped districts should be taken into account and a choice and emphasis should be made for strengthening the urban planning administration and accelerating the urban development.     

生脉饮(党参方)的质量标准研究

[目的]建立生脉饮(党参方)的质量标准。[方法]用TLC法鉴别了党参、五味子、麦冬;用HPLC法测定了生脉饮(党参方)中五味子醇甲的含量。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温为30℃,以甲醇-水(55∶45)为流动相,检测波长为250nm,流速1.0 ml/min。[结果]在TLC色谱中均能检出党参、五味子、五味子醇甲、麦冬;五味子醇甲在0.046 12~0.691 80μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.9%,RSD=1.5%。[结论]方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于控制生脉饮(党参方)的质量。